Benefits Of Reflection On Healthcare - 1872 Words

2.4 Benefits of Reflection in Healthcare For the practitioner, the benefits of reflection includes the identification of learning needs, continual development in practice, the ability to provide evidence-based care and the elimination of routine practice (Jasper et al. 2011 and Bulman 2013). Furthermore, as part of the NMC (2015) code of professional standard and a significant component of the revalidation process, reflective nurses do not only fulfil the regulatory requirements, but to some extent, safeguard the success of their revalidation process. As a result of the practitioner’s development and use of reflection, patients benefit by receiving better quality of individualised care, evidence-based practice from their specific needs and better standards of patient safety including a reduction in the number of adverse incidents (Jasper et al. 2011). This essentially represents the use and respect of the Code in practice (NMC 2015). Also, the affirmation of best practice, considered by Driscoll (2007) to be one of the benefits of reflection, results in a higher standard in quality of care and a good reputation for professional practice (Jasper et al. 2011). This brings significant benefits to both the NHS as an employer and the nursing profession. 2.5 Limitations to Reflection Irrespective of the importance and benefits of reflection, Johns (2013), (inspired by Fay’s (1987) identification of commitment as a prerequisite to reflection), used commitment to lay limitationsShow MoreRelatedReflection1650 Words   |  7 PagesIan-Bradley Tancred This essay analyses and describes what reflection is and how it supports your personal and professional learning. It elaborates upon how and why recognizing your strengths and weaknesses are important and how they can enhance lifelong learning. It describes what arguments and assertions are, what the differences are between them and which one is better. Debnath describes reflection as a means of self-examination to learn from knowledge and experiences which will help transformRead MoreA Careful and Meaningful Consideration of my Journey in Nursing Ethics1614 Words   |  7 Pagescontemplate and critically evaluate the mounting flood of activities and information that swarm our lives. Critical Reflection Analysis has not only become to me a safe haven and comforting refuge, but also a resort that showcases the function of reason and knowledge in understanding the complex nature of relationship that exist between the Healthcare System, the patient, and the Healthcare provider. For a safe and effective nursing practice, a proper knowledge and understanding of nursing code of ethicsRead MoreEthics Munsons 5 Ethical Theories1598 Words   |  7 Pagesvalue or worth of an action is determined by how much benefit is gained from that action. It is measured by not only the amount of benefit gained but also the amount of people with benefits in the process. This theory hopes to provide guidance when choosing a course of action. Utilitarianism is divided into two groups based off of how they apply the theory. A Rule Utilitarian believes that the action is right if it results in happiness of great benefit (Munson, 2009). For example, the commandment, â€Å"thouRead MoreA Brief Note On Legislation And When The National Health Service ( Nhs ) Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesall patients get quality of care, the best available clinical needs and all services are commissioned to the highest level and are ongoing. The NHS also has six values which are known as the 6c’s. The 6c’s play a big part in the requirements of a healthcare professional they are – Care, people expect the care they receive is right for them throughout their entire life. Compassion is kindness and is important on how people see their care. Competence is about the expertise/knowledge that we deliver.Read MoreReflection on Healthcare Te chnologies Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesWeek 4 Reflection Helen Einer NURS-6015 Information and Healthcare Technologies Applied to Nursing Practice Walden University July 24, 2010 Week 4 Reflection The ongoing development of computer technology and telecommunications has provided the healthcare industry with continuous opportunities to enhance communication, provide education, improve patient safety, and create new IT jobs within the industry. By 2014, the American health care industry will look toward full adoption of electronicRead MoreThe Theory And Practices Of Reflection1254 Words   |  6 Pages Critical reflection is the active, organised cognitive process used to carefully examine ones thinking and the thinking of others. It draws upon skills used in other ways of thinking, but is viewed as a broader concept that’s differentiated by its holistic, purposeful, reflective and goal orientated nature. Critical thinking is central to quality nursing practice. It is therefore important that nurses purposefully use and develop their critical thinking ability in order to deliver safe and effectiveRead MoreFeatures Of Partnership Working1696 Words   |  7 Pagesadministrator and activities coordinator. Before being promoted to Acting Manager I was a trained Registered General Nurse (Clinical Lead/Deputy Manager) within the home. During this time I have gained experience of partnership working and its benefits for both service users and service providers. This piece of work will be a reflective account on the features of partnership working. I will explain how I work in partnership with colleagues, other professionals, service users and their relativesRead MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Practice Theoretical Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction(300) Rolfe (2011) state that reflection is a mental process which include thinking, feeling, imagining and learning about what was happening in the past and which could be considered as a personal experience. Reflection is a continuous debate on what might have happened differently and if this could affect differently the present and the future regarding the outcome if is positive or negative. Experience underpin the process of reflection. According to Nursing Midwifery CouncilRead MoreHealthcare Management and Article Critique709 Words   |  3 PagesHealthcare Questions and Article Critique: 1. Incentive compensation is a major practice that has continually been adopted by healthcare organizations, especially for managers. Most of these organizations use this tool as a means of rewarding employees financial for outstanding performance. Generally, incentive compensation involves the use of monetary reward for managers to attain specific established goals. Therefore, incentive compensation can be a motivational tool that benefits health careRead MoreThe Importance Of Reflection Within The Nursing Profession844 Words   |  4 Pages However, being a reflective nurse is extremely important, â€Å"Reflection is an essential attribute to the development of autonomous, critical and advanced practitioners† (Caldwell Grobbel, 2013). It allows for nurses to reflect on the day’s practice, whether they treated the patients with the best possible care or whether improvements were required. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show the significant importance of r eflection within the nursing profession. Since I was a young child, I

The Death Penalty A Fact Finding Report Essay - 1514 Words

The Death Penalty: A Fact-Finding Report The Death Penalty, also, known as, Capital Punishment, is the sentence of execution, for serious crimes punishable by death, through means prescribed by congress, through laws agreed upon by state legislatures (uslegal.com). Since, the first laws were established in the eighteenth-century, the topic of capital punishment has been met with vast amounts of controversy. Many Americans, have fought correspondingly, to repeal, change, and reinstate, capital punishments laws. However, the question remains: Should the death penalty be systematically amended, or irreversibly abolished? Whereas, Capital Punishment is a global practice, this report will revolve around opposing arguments, facts, and statistics, on the death penalty exclusively, in the United States (DPIC). Beginning, in Jamestown Virginia, 1608, with the arrival of European settlers, the first known execution in America, commenced with the execution of Captain George Kendall, for the crime of being a spy in Spain. Following, in 1612, Virginia’s Governor, Sir Thomas Dale passed the Divine, Moral and Martial Laws, which paved the way for death penalty; which varied from colony to colony, the growing number of deaths for minor offenses such as, stealing grapes, and killing chickens, became outrageous (DPIC.History). Fortuitously, with the influence of Cesare Beccaria and his 1767 essay, On Crimes and Punishment, which theorized â€Å"that there was no justification for the state sShow MoreRelated Is the Death Penalty Ethical? Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial topics. One of those topics is the death penalty. When a question is raised on such a topic, there are many ideas that are sparked. One controversial question that people ponder on is; is the death penalty an ethical way of reducing crime? It is interesting not only to see different opinions but to see data that supports and complements those opinions. Searching for information I came across three different arguments concerning the topic of the death penalty and its ability to reduce crime ethicallyRead MoreCapital Punishment Was Abolished By Harold Wilson1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthere have been continuing debates concerning the reinstatement of the death penalty in the UK.(BBC NEWS, 2011) reports that the Conservative party MP calls for submission on capital punishment in the UK. The Brigg and Goole MP â€Å"is one of a number of Tory backbenchers calling for a commons debate of the return of capital punishment.†(BBC NEWS, 5th August 2011) Currently, Paul Staines, who writes the Guido Fawkes ‘ calls for the death to be brought back for child and police officer murderers,† he carriedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Abolished By Harold Wilsons Labour Government1186 Words   |  5 Pagesthere have been continuing debates concerning the reinstatement of the death penalty in the UK.(BBC NEWS, 2011) reports that the conservative party MP calls for submission on capital punishment in the UK. The Brigg and Goole MP â€Å"is one of a number of Tory backbenchers calling for a commons debate of the return of capital punishment.†(BBC NEWS, 5th August 2011) Currently, Paul Staines, who writes the Guido Fawkes ‘ calls for the death to be brought back for child and police officer mur derers,† he carriedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Death Penalty Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesDeath Penalty Pro Con Speech Introduction- What is capital punishment? Capital punishment is the death penalty. The death penalty can be dated back to the ancient times and is still prevalent and utilized today. When the topic of the death penalty is brought up it is certain to bring up a discussion and both sides of the argument are often heard. After being presented with facts, statistics and the findings, you will be better educated on the death penalty and will be able to adequately take a standRead MoreIndividual Policy Report : Capital Punishment1513 Words   |  7 PagesCordell Jarzombek Individual Policy Report 3: Capital Punishment Saving Lives, by Taking Lives? Due: October 28, 2015 I. Introduction Death. The final frontier-or is that space? Either way, we don’t exactly know what is on the other side. Maybe that’s why there is so much controversy swirling around the death penalty. Whenever you start to talk about the death penalty, people begin to become very serious, as well they should. The death penalty is almost like a type of fine against those who commitRead MoreThe Deterrence Of Death Penalty1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Deterrence of Death Penalty in Texas Almost a month ago, I accidently came across the Stanford Prison Experiment documentary, which is available to view on Youtube. The document based on real event in Stanford University. It is an experiment to study psychology of imprisonment on prisoners and guards by dividing selected Stanford students into two groups. As the time passed, the researchers have discovered some drastically changes in both groups within days. At the end, Dr. Philip ZimbardoRead More Capital Punishment Is Not Only Unusual, But Cruel Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesamendment is the fact that it prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Cruel and unusual punishment is perceived as punishment that causes â€Å"an unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain† (Bailey). Is capital punishment cruel and unusual? It is one of the most controversial topics in America today. In effect since the 1600s, the US Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was â€Å"cruel and unusual† in 1972 but reversed this decision when a quot;cleanerquot; way to bring about death was found in 1976Read MoreThe Execution of Death Penalty1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe Death Penalty Introduction As of 2010, thirty-four States have some form of Death Penalty, while twelve States plus the District of Columbia have no Death Penalty. The number of Death Penalty executions from 1977 2010 by color-coded States follows: (Death Penalty Information Center, 2012). The basic dispute involving the Death Penalty is whether or not it should be abolished. This dispute has raged for decades in the United States and people on both sides of the debate appear toRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Just Say No1095 Words   |  5 Pagesput to death by the state. More than 150 of these executions have taken place since 1996. 3,500 people are on death row today, awaiting their turn with the executioner. Capital punishment has existed throughout most of the course of our nations history.    By the mid-1960s, however, public opposition to the death penalty had reached an all-time high, and the practice was banned by the Supreme Court in the 1972 Furman v. Georgia(Furman) decision. The Court held that state death penalty statutesRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Not A Longstanding Controversy Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagescountries, such as China and the United States. Numbers of capital punishment in China is in the first place, compared to other countries (Sterbenz, 2014). However, 98 countries have abolished capital punishment (Amnesty International facts and figures on the death penalty, 2007). Although most of countries have no capital punishment to crimes, it is still argued whether it can decrease crime rate and other social issues. A moral issue is mostly considered to capital punishment. Now there is methodology

Digital Business Information System Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Digital Business Information System. Answer: Introduction This is an essay, which provides a brief description about the ways in which the SAP or other Enterprise Resource Management software can be used to gain competitive advantage in the market. The usage of the ERP has become very common so the companies will have to make usage of the software in a different way so that they can gain competitive advantage in the market. The essay depicts various methods that can be used to gain competitive advantage by innovative usage of the ERP system. The second part of the essay portrays the risk that are associated with ERP system and how they can be mitigate the risk to improve the operational productivity and competitive advantage in the market. There are lot of risk involved in the implementation of the project and it is essential for the companies to give proper importance to this factors. Usage of SAP or Enterprise resource management to gain competitive advantage The market for the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector is changing at a rapid rate. There are large of threats, which the companies have to face in order to maintain their sustainability in the market (Ram, Wu and Tagg 2014). Information technology has emerged as one of the important tools, which has provided competitive advantage to various companies. There are lot of new challenges, which the modern business companies have to face including competition from new entrants in the market. The expectations of the consumers have also increased so in order to gain competitive advantage in the market the companies are using Enterprise resource planning (ERP).The management of the supply chain of a company is one of the factor which helps a company to competitive advantage in the market (Marinagi, Trivellas and Sakas 2014). An organization can be efficient only when it is able to spread information quickly throughout the various parts of the supply chain. The companies use enterprise r esource management for this very purpose, which helps them to accelerate the process of the supply chain and increase the efficiency of the system. The market scenario has changed over the past decades and the companies in the market have realized the importance of the usage of enterprise resource management. The companies have started the usage of the software like SAP and oracle for better management of the various aspects of the organization. The usage of Big data analysis and database management system has changed the perspective of the organizations all over the world (Stratopoulos 2016). The present scenario in the market shows there has been drastic changes in the working of the companies and Enterprise resource management has become integral part of the organizations. The implementation of the ERP system is not easy for some of the organizations and customization of the ERP system is very common in the present scenario. The companies are spending millions of dollars to customize their enterprise resource management systems so that they can improve the efficiency of the overall processes in the organization (Sakas, Vlacho s and Nasiopoulos 2014). However, it has become very common where most of the companies in the market are trying to use the same technology to gain competitive advantage in the market. There are lots of companies who are following the market leaders in order to develop a better business model but many have failed because of the lack of customization of the ERP system (Soliman and Karia 2015). The companies will always have to customize their ERP system if they want to increase the operational efficiency of the system. Thus, arises a problem where all the companies in the market are using the ERP and trying to use the same procedure to gain competitive advantage in the market. The companies in the FMCG sector are all facing the same problem and the only thing that is differentiating the market leaders from the market followers are the execution of the various ERP procedures (Ahmad et al. 2016). The general ERP system provided to a company will fulfil the 80% of the needs of the company and the remaining 20% of the system has to be customized to suit the need of the operation of the particular organization (Chowdhury 2016). The companies in the organization are trying to improve the efficiency of the usage of the ERP system and using the systems in an innovative so that it can provide competitive advantage to the company. The implementation of the ERP system is one of the essential factors for gaining competitive advantage in the market. There are two ways that a company will be able to maintain their competitive advantage in the market, one is better execution of the ERP procedure and second is the innovation of the ERP system (Yang and Wang 2015). Modern industry is very fast and there is rapid change in the technology, procedures and the needs so the companies will have to keep on innovating new systems, which will provide competitive to the companies in the market. Howev er, the cost of research and development for companies are high and sometimes it is not feasible for them to invest such amount of money. Thus, the companies are left with only option where they are forced to make better implementation of the processes of the Enterprise resource management (Jain 2016). The above two processes can provide a company with a competitive advantage but there are some drawbacks attached to it. The company, which is trying to use innovation and new technology to sustain their competitive advantage, will not be able to make it. The most difficult thing is to keep on innovating new ideas and technologies for better usage. The technological field is progressing at a rapid rate and all the competitors are focusing on the up gradation of the present system (Hawking and Sellitto 2017). Thus, it is impossible for the companies who are only focusing on innovation of the processes to sustain their competitive advantage as all competitors are focusing on better invention of technologies and ideas. However, the increase in the efficiency of the implementation of the process is a factor, which could help a company to maintain the competitive advantage in the long run. The companies will have to customize the ERP system to make it more adapt for the organization. The c ompanies in the FMCG sector will have to make use of innovation in the field of the implementation of the processes. There are various processes involved in the ERP system and the business model for the companies can be improved by the usage of open innovation (Gichuki 2017). There are lot of companies who follow open innovation but the majority of the companies in this market use close innovation process to gain competitive advantage. However, open innovation is one of the best ways of utilizing the resources of the company and the company can make improvements in the business model. SAP and Oracle are the common ERP technologies that are being used by the companies but improvements in this software are easily available to all the companies. Thus, gaining competitive advantage based on the technological advancement is not a viable solution (Douglas, Chelliah and Minter 2014). The companies will have to keep on improving the execution processes of the management so that the overall operational efficiency of the companies is increased. The collection of information is another factor, which will provide the companies with a competitive advantage. The proper usage of the information available about the customers and the market will help the company to improve the execution of the ERP system. Embedded risk involved in the implementation The implementation of the enterprise resource management has become a common phenomenon but there are number of risks involved in the execution of the system. The implementation of this large system is time consuming and expensive which gives rise to a lot of risk. The main problem in the ERP system is the fact that all the processes are interlinked and if one falters, the other will follow (Marcelino-Sdaba et al. 2014). Moreover, the implementation of the ERP is quite tough in an organization because the complete operational functioning of the company changes at rapid rate. The setback in one of the processes will mean that there will be delay in the process and it will tough for the companies to meet their respective deadlines. This delay in the process will result in the development of other risk such as contingency and scheduling risk. There is a misconception that ERP is totally based on implementation of the system at the information technology level but it consist of all the p rocesses involved in the execution of the businesses. The managers who are involved in the implementation of the ERP procedure will need the support of the managers in the organization so that the system can be properly executed. The cooperation of the managers is required until the project is fully implemented within the organization (Wu, Chen and Olson 2014). Moreover, the involvement of the cross-functional areas is essential in the implementation of the system. This is a risk factor as most of the companies do not involve the usage of the cross functional areas but this risk can be avoided if a personnel is kept for making the decisions about the execution and implementation of the processes (Olson and Wu 2015). Testing of the ERP system may give rise to risk where the managers may use shortcuts methods to accelerate the process of commencement. However, improper testing may cause higher risk for the company as it will increase the cost of maintenance. The proper testing of the project will ensure that the maintenance cost is low. Moreover, continuous testing of the system will have to be done so that the system functions normally and all the timelines for the company are met (Bowers and Khorakian 2014). Risk is associated with the management of the data, conversion and the validation of the data has to be done at the proper time and ha ve to make sure that the proper maintenance of the program is done. Security risk is another risk that has been underestimated by most of the major companies where the accessibility of the data has to be restricted so that the data cannot be misused by foreign users. The above-mentioned risks are the main risk that the companies will have to avoid so that they are able to operate smoothly without any delay in the processes. A control team has to be appointed which will make sure that the system can be controlled manually at times of emergency when there is a big failure in the operation of the system. The task risk can be mitigated by reducing the complexity of the processes (Tian and Xu 2015). The company will have to make sure that they simplify the processes of the system by innovating new changes. However, there are simpler methods of simplifying the projects; the companies make may the work between various departments which will make the work more easy. The conception that the implementation of the ERP system is only a part of the information technology team is a wrong and the other departments will have to help the company in implementation of the ERP system. The implementation of the ERP is a big risk in terms of the changes in the structu re of the organization. The implementation of the ERP system generally changes the overall structure and the functionality of the organization. The company will have appoint an official who will be able to monitor the overall process to make sure that all the aspects of the ERP system is fulfilling the requirements of the organization (Lpez. and Salmeron 2014). There are several teams who are involved with the implementation of the project soothe company will have promote open discussions among various team which will make sure that the goals and objective of the organization remains the same. There are some factors, which are critical for the success of the project so the company will have to make sure that the various teams involved in the process have their point of focus on those critical points. Actor risk another risk that the company will have to mitigate which involves the management of the human resources for the company. The company will have to make sure that all the skil led employees are given important responsibilities so that they are able to handle the situations in a better way (Bintoro et al. 2015). The employees will have to be provided with proper cross-functional training, which will provide motivation and broaden the horizon of the staffs. The technology risk can be avoided by constant innovation in the technologies and evaluation of the progress the company has made. This will make sure that the company is able to learn from the past mistakes they have made and capitalize on the new opportunities in the market. Modelling is another tool which is being widely use by various companies in the market. This is an effective method, which helps in reduction of the cost of the implementation of the software in the company and at the same time increase the acceptance of the user for the ERP system (Rajnoha et al. 2014). The model consists of the current processes and the changes that has to be made after the implementation of the process. Conclusion Thus, after the evaluation of the various factors it can be determined that the best ways of gaining competitive advantage in the market is improvement in the processes of the implementation of the ERP system. The organization processes in a company will have to go through constant integration, which will make sure that the model will keep on improving. The company will have to make utilization of the human resources of the company to make sure that the various process time are reduced which will in turn make sure that the overall time of the completion of the supply chain management is reduced. Proper communication between various departments is one of the most important factors, which will make sure that the company is able to avoid any contingencies. The implementation of the ERP system will give rise to potential risks, which the company will have to take into account. The companies will have to take all factors in to account if they want to maintain their competitive advantage i n the market. Thus, it has been established that there are there factors, which can be sued by the companies so that they can gain competitive advantage in the market and they are time period of the project, size of the project and huge number of actors. These factors will have to be measured and monitored which will make sure that the time period of the project remain the same, if there are large number of parameters involved it will have to be divided in to various parts to reduce the complexity of the project and uncertainty attached with the human factors will have to be taken in to consideration. References Ahmad, N., Naveed, R.T. and Ahmad, S., 2016. Attainment of Competitive Advantage through ERP and Procurement.Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,6(3), pp.37-44. Bintoro, B.P.K., Simatupang, T.M., Putro, U.S. and Hermawan, P., 2015. Actors interaction in the ERP implementation literature.Business Process Management Journal,21(2), pp.222-249. Bowers, J. and Khorakian, A., 2014. Integrating risk management in the innovation project.European Journal of innovation management,17(1), pp.25-40. Chowdhury, M., 2016.Supply chain practices on FMCG products of New Zealand Dairy Products Bangladesh Ltd(Doctoral dissertation, BRAC University). Douglas, D., Chelliah, J. and Minter, S., 2014. New Product Development Processes in The Australian FMCG Industry.Contemporary Management Research: an international journal. Gichuki, C.M., 2017.Effect of Agile Supply Chain Strategy on Competitive Advantage of Firms in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry: A Case of Unilever Kenya(Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa). Hawking, P. and Sellitto, C., 2017. A Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Company and Business Intelligence Strategy Development.International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS),13(2), pp.22-33. Jain, V., 2016. Conceptualising ERP systems' value as a multidimensional formative construct.International Journal of Business Information Systems,21(4), pp.439-461. Lpez, C. and Salmeron, J.L., 2014. Modeling maintenance projects risk effects on ERP performance.Computer Standards Interfaces,36(3), pp.545-553. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A.M.E. and Villanueva, P., 2014. Project risk management methodology for small firms.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.327-340. Marinagi, C., Trivellas, P. and Sakas, D.P., 2014. The impact of information technology on the development of supply chain competitive advantage.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,147, pp.586-591. Olson, D.L. and Wu, D.D., 2015.Enterprise risk management(Vol. 3). World Scientific Publishing Co Inc. Rajnoha, R., Kdrov, J., Sujov, A. and Kdr, G., 2014. Business information systems: research study and methodological proposals for ERP implementation process improvement.Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,109, pp.165-170. Ram, J., Wu, M.L. and Tagg, R., 2014. Competitive advantage from ERP projects: Examining the role of key implementation drivers.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.663-675. Sakas, D., Vlachos, D. and Nasiopoulos, D., 2014. Modelling strategic management for the development of competitive advantage, based on technology.Journal of Systems and Information Technology,16(3), pp.187-209. Soliman, M. and Karia, N., 2015. Higher Education Competitive Advantage: Enterprise Resource Planning Systems.Journal of Research in Management Technology,5(5). Stratopoulos, T.C., 2016. Expected Duration of Competitive Advantage Due to Technology Adoption. In2016 Academy of Management Annual Meeting. Tian, F. and Xu, S.X., 2015. How Do Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Affect Firm Risk? Post-Implementation Impact.Mis Quarterly,39(1). Wu, D.D., Chen, S.H. and Olson, D.L., 2014. Business intelligence in risk management: Some recent progresses.Information Sciences,256, pp.1-7. Yang, H. and Wang, W., 2015, July. Three or four-tier cities FMCG wholesale model changes in internet era. InLogistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE.

Y2k Bug Essay Example For Students

Y2k Bug Essay David EgglestonReview of Literature2/24/99Teri FergusonY2K BugThe turn of the century is rapidly approaching. This should be a time of high hopes for the future; the United States has advanced in all sorts of technology. The United States has advanced a great deal with computers, which are able to automate many difficult jobs, calculate extravagant equations, and make life easier for most people. The computer is an amazing tool allowing the United States to excel in the world. But, computers can also be the loadstone of the United States in the year 2000. The computer bug commonly known as Y2K can cause this. Y2K will cause a computers date registry to read ?00? in which the computer will interpret ?1900?. Many people have their own opinions about how this will effect the United States and to what degree it will be effected, if the United States will be effected at all. We will write a custom essay on Y2k Bug specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A writer for Time Magazine states that there are wide ranges of people that are being effected in different ways by the Y2K problem. The author describes how many people are preparing for the worst and that some of those people believe that the Biblical Armageddon will arrive in the year 2000. It was stated that the Y2K problem is just another thing to keep people entertained. This was described by how the movie industry moved from spy movies such as ?James Bond? at the end of the cold war to more sci-fi movies such as ?Godzilla? because there was no real world problem. The purpose of this article is to simply point out that there is an actual problem with the Y2K phenomenon in order to make people aware that there are dangers even if it is just in the form of doomsayers. These points of the author are strong enough and realistic enough to make the problem known to the people but does not display any idea one way or the other. A marketing organization known as Arial Marketing posted a contingency plan on the internet that gives a view that there is going to be a strong enough problem with Y2K that one must prepare for it. This argument is supported by a few quotes from officials and high-ranking people in their respective fields. Arial Marketing made this posting slanting toward the fact that there will definitely be a problem with Y2K. Arial Marketing has even posted bad and a worst case preparation table. The purpose of this site is to tell people that their will be a Y2K problem and that in order to help people prepare for a situation Eggleston 2two. This opinion is a strong one that is well presented and cautious with the quotes from many people backing it up. In ?The Year 2000 Problem: The Year the Earth Stands Still? Written by a one Gary North, Gary North clearly argues his own opinion about the Y2K problem. He really does not support his case by any facts other than his strong determination to make sure that everyone knows his point of view. The point of view that he tends to support is one of terrible visions of the absolute worst case scenario of the Y2K problem. He does not have any other kind of opinion of anything less and is quite sure of the idea that the world will crash because of the Y2K problem. The purpose of this article is to display Gary Norths opinion of the Y2K problem in order to get people to prepare for the worst. The argument that Gary North has presented is a weak one for he has only state opinionated facts and has not supported this argument with any hard evidence. In just under a year the year 2000 will arrive with many hopes but it will also arrive with a Y2K bug. This bug will definitely effect some things, an d maybe effect major things. The only thing that the people can do is simply prepare for the worst and hope for the best. Many organizations and even the government of the United States are working and hacking at this problem. Many organizations are making headway and will be ready to great the new millennium; others will most likely still be cracking down on the problem. The thing that the individual all the way to the general population must realize is that worrying and predicting doom are the major problems that society is facing and will face during the year 2000.

Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essays

Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essays Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Paper Comparison between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Paper The two articles are both about youth culture committing crimes, which are shown in statistics, pictures, text, bullet points and headlines. They give information on the crimes being committed (e. g. how many percent carry knifes). One article comes from The Guardian (broadsheet) and The Mirror (tabloid) The broadsheet shows an impartial view of the story, and gives an honest opinion and it shown is long columns, bullet points and statistics and the bullet points have a description, unlike the tabloid. The tabloid trys to shock us, it trys to convince us that the youth cultures are thugs. They attack the readers, and all that is shown in pictures, articles, columns and statistics. The Mirror uses a large picture trying to really traumatize us; the picture is of a young teenager holding a significantly large knife, the image is used to frighten us. The Mirror has many statistics without really explaining them. The tabloid presents its articles with headlines, subheadings, by-line, images and really have an explanation, The Guardian presents it articles with long headlines, subtitles, by-line, statistics, long columns and the stats are followed by an explanation, which is really easy to understand. The Guardian and The Mirror have big differences, e. g. tabloids have more news about celebrities and gossip, and the broadsheet is about more considerable subjects such as politics and business. Both newspapers have a dissimilar effect, the tabloid trys to shock us, convince us that teenagers are thugs. They pounce on the readers and the broadsheet show a balanced view, tells us that its not that horrific. The tabloid uses a lot of space up on pictures and statistics, which arent explained well. The statistics are shown as large numbers with a little brief explanation: 4% of boys aged 15 to 16 have tried cocaine. But the broadsheet an actual explanation: among 15and 16 year olds, 25% of girls and 30% of boys said they have tried cannabis at least once. As you can see the broadsheet uses a longer, understanding description. The writers opinion of teenagers in the tabloid is prejudiced, but the writer of broadsheet article is balanced and believes that its not that bad, and its says for example things like out of 100 only 4 have sampled cocaine The writer of the tabloid article interviews Barry Anderson and says that he calls them the thugs breed the writer doesnt interview the teenagers to see other side of the story. The broadsheet interviews both adults and teenagers to hear each side, the adults have done confidential interviews with the teenagers, the interviewer also made up a phony drug to catch out liars. The tabloid doesnt interview the so-called thugs to hear their side, so we only hear the writers opinion, so its influences us to believe that teenagers are thugs. The broadsheet uses long complete words which shows that journalists are actually well knowledgeable and do investigate, unlike the tabloid which uses a couple of slang words. Both articles use interviews though in The Guardian the interview is with Barry Anderson who is chief executive of the communities that care, and The Mirror also interviews Barry Anderson. In the tabloid they do not quote him as much, they write that the refers to the teenagers as the thugs breed, the difference in the tabloid splits Barry Anderson quotes all over the article, but the broadsheet puts the whole quote together, dissimilar to the tabloid that use the quotes to validate their point. Even though both articles are about the same subject, they are written in different ways The Guardian uses complex, multi-syllable words such as confidential, criminality, offending, dominantly assumption, representative ect. The tabloid uses, more slang and emotional words such as bring drinking, thugs, and Cinderella. The Mirror uses shorter sentences, which are easier to read, the text is for more ordinary people, unlike the broadsheet which is for more sophisticated/professional people e. g. teachers, doctors, business men ect. ), Because they use more complex text and longer sentences. The broadsheet says, The author stressed that most young people were law abiding most of the time and that would not be placed in The Mirror because they are saying that teenagers are law abiding which is the opposite of what The Mirror believes. The sentences in the two newspapers are different because they are both aimed at different people. The Mirror is for most, ordinary people The Guardian is for more educated/ professional people, The Guardians article uses longer sentences because its contains more information. I personally favour The Guardian because it gives a fair view and gives out more information and gives an easier quote that isnt scattered throughout the article. They give explanations, The Guardian believes that the problem isnt bad, they believe its not a lot they say its bad, but not much. The Mirror says that its appalling, and that the figures are too high. The Mirror is more negative and believes that teenagers are the thugs breed. Unlike the broadsheet which sympathys for the teenagers and believes that most teenagers are law abiding. I believe that the statistics are not that bad, for example only 4 out of every 100 have tried cocaine, but the tabloid disagrees. All in all its bad but not as bad as the tabloid makes it to be.

the working class essays

the working class essays Hannah Marks is the apathetic nerd who sees the popular people as the dictators and the nerds as the working class. She steers clear from the social Nazis at J C High, but what happens when Hitler himself starts to take notice? Confusion? Maybe. Controversy? Hell yeah! (Not political) Cliques for Stereotypes and the French Revolution I watched observantly with disgust as they giggled and carried about like a bunch of rowdy schoolgirls discussing the ways in which they'd lost their virginity. Seeing this, one would assume that the Feminist Independence movement had never occurred. They were so absorbed in their delusional world of pom-poms and French nails to notice the mere mortals who were trying to get past them in the hall. Occasionally, like now, they'd snap out of their bubble to gawk shamelessly at some hot specimen and try to seduce him by batting their eyelashes. Not surprisingly, what happens next is the equally self-absorbed dimwit saunters smoothly over to the ditz, thinking he's some suave Casanova, and within a few seconds they're at it against the lockers. What can I say? It 's a Dog-eat-dog world out there, if you'd pardon the pun. However, if one happens to witness this unfortunate sight, one has a tendency to be put off of one's lunch. So the best thing to do is to look away, and pretend it was some nasty nightmare, telling them to never eat KFC again. Those who feared the horror of their wrath must endure the frustration of silent oppression. They were the Hitler's, the Mussolini's and the Stalin's of high school hierarchy. What they say goes because they were intimidating and they had the power. They were the dictators. They were known as the popular people. As lame as it sounds, the popular people that reside at John Cafferty High are spitting images of the over done, overrated and over exaggerated caricatures of their teen flick counterp ...

Coastal engineeringdesign of a cocastal defence scheme in south east Essay

Coastal engineeringdesign of a cocastal defence scheme in south east england - Essay Example There would be safer swimming opportunities, and improved conditions on surfing. It is important that these benefits are for all the local community members and the surfers as well. From the results found, management and guidelines for the appraisal of coastal defence projects should be amended to incorporate non-market amenity benefits. The integration of the planning and management of the coastal land and associated inshore waters are the strategic and comprehensive attempts at the issues affecting the country's coastline. Since coastal defence has been unplanned in the past 10 years, a more strategic approach had been taken through the Shoreline Management Plan and the Coastal Defence Strategies. The protection of coastal land and the communities from the destruction of the sea is a major concern all over the world. Climate change and the predicted rise in sea levels are likely to further the concern in the future. In England, the estimate of over one million properties valued at over 130 billion are at risk from coastal flooding, 113,000 properties valued at 7.7 billion for coastal erosion. ... The good project appraisals are needed to ensure that the taxpayers would receive a good value for their money from coastal defence projects. Defra(then MAFF) in the UK had produced a series of flood and coastal defence projects and this includes a guidance documents for the appraisal of projects. The supplementary note does not address the changes made, the interim guidance does not address one of the key changes made in the revised book namely the incorporation of values for the non-market and environmental benefits and costs that are associated with flood and the coastal defence projects. One method of sea defence is groynes. Groynes are used in the UK and all over the world to prevent coastal erosion The use of timber, stones, concrete or steel in the construction of groynes. These are used to prevent "longshore" drift and to restore beach volume. It had been proven that the use of groynes play an important role in the protection of coastal system on shingle beaches and that groy nes can be a very good form of coastal management. The use of timber groynes declined by the introduction of beach nourishment scheme, moreover, timber groynes have poor characteristics that are susceptible to the creation of rip channels as well as higher levels of reflection than rock groynes. Rock had become a popular choice of construction material for groynes. The main reason for this is the intrinsic property to dissipate wave length energy and low levels of reflection. Rock groynes demonstrates more effectively than timber groynes, specifically on mixed sand and shingle beaches. Groynes are often regarded as unattractive. Houses uses the seawall as sea defence. The overflow of sea water is being prevented by the seawall. That is when water flows over the

Discussion and Respond. 3 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion and Respond. 3 - Dissertation Example Effective leaders, through theoretical and practical skills determine these factors and design strategies that would ensure that goals are attained. Monkey Story (Company Norms) The story is a good analogy of how corporate norms are justified or rationalized. However, eventually, it presumes that, just like monkeys, employees manifest a blind adherence to company norms without questioning the underlying rationale for the behavior. I beg to disagree. People are rational beings. Eventually, new comers question why they are being told to do things the way they should do. Normally, organizations orient new employees by making them acquaint themselves with company policies and the organization’s code of discipline so that their work behavior is justified by the rules and regulations explicitly stated in the company policies and code of discipline. These are critical to ensure order, discipline and appropriate observance of work ethics and moral conduct expected of employees in a pr ofessional endeavor. US Navy Stand-Off Story, Communication It is a funny but effective story that exemplifies arrogance in communication definitely turns people off.

Psychology - Consciousness Essay Example for Free

Psychology Consciousness Essay Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic. [1] Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. the word education is derived from the Latin educatio (A breeding, a bringing up, a rearing) from educo (I educate, I train) which is related to the homonym educo (I lead forth, I take out; I raise up, I erect) from e- (from, out of) and duco (I lead, I conduct). PSYCHOLOGY It is the study of Psyche. Psyche it mean mind or soul as it appear in human. It is the totality of the human mind, conscious, and unconscious. The basic meaning of the Greek word psyche was life in the sense of breath, formed from the verb psyche derived meanings included spirit, soul, ghost, and ultimately self in the sense of conscious personality or psyche I AM GROWING AS PERSON Like all children, when I was growing up all I ever wanted to do was to be big. I always kept a close eye on my role models (my parents) and always tried to do anything they did. The skills I learn and the attitude I acquired from a young age would be of immense help to me in my later years. From the age of five, the memories I have are those of following my father around the yard watching feeding animals. My father would sometimes give me a small jar / container that I could help him feed the animal and although the job I did was insignificant and most likely not done properly, i always got a sense of pride and satisfaction in my work. In my teenage years my role around the house had changed. My father was no longer around and my mother had the pressure of providing for my younger brother and myself. During school holidays I was responsible for looking after my brother and keeping the amused at the same time, not an easy task at all. During this time I had also managed to get casual employment. Although the money I earn was not significant but it was enough for me to pay for my hobbies and ease some pressure off my mother. Now as an adult I have a steady job. I have never seen myself as a victim from anyone because all the good and bad experiences of my younger years it have helped me become a successful and determined person. The support that I received and continue to receive from my family was also a major drive for me to want to succeed as well. I think that everyones life is always full of good and bad experiences. The key is to appreciate the good and find a way of turning a negative situation into a positive. For example, when my father was no longer around it could have been seen to be a negative situation. However, learning to look after my brother and earning a little pocket money was perhaps the best and most useful experiences I had. In humans, growing up can be physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychological. This means that a person becomes more mature as a result of changes in behavior, actions and thoughts that are experienced in the process of growing up. An individual’s character and personality are seen as very vital as they grow up. While growing up, there are many challenges that a person may come across, and the opportunities to become a good person are always there. Due to our uniqueness, we tend to express our beliefs, convictions, and thoughts differently. One very important attribute in relation to growing up is the physical development. Though physical development may not necessarily translate in to growing up, growing up is closely related to physical maturity. An individual is considered to grow up when they display good character and responsible behavior. The process of growing up is always accompanied by a certain level of transformation in an individual, where transformation either makes one a better person or a bad person. At some stage in our lives, we are expected to be changed through the process of growing up. The expectations of the others from us assist in cultivating our actions and behavior that show that we are grown up or we are growing up. An individual who practice self control and display good behavior is a good example of a person who is growing up. These attributes define a grown up person and if a person displays these attributes, the person can be said to be growing up towards the right direction. Discipline is very essential in achieving human fulfillment . Since a person who is growing up seeks this fulfillment, there is no doubt that the only way a person can achieve fulfillment is through discipline.

Hope in The Lesson, by Toni Cade Bambera Essay -- The Lesson

After reading Toni Cade Bambara's, The Lesson, the reader is left with a sense of hope for the first person narrator Sylvia and her friends. Following her and her friends from the slums of New York, to a Fifth Avenue F.A.O. Swartz, one gets an idea as to the kind of environment they came from, the type of education they received, and the sense of economic imbalance they bear witness to. Through this the antagonist, Miss Moore, is able to let the children evaluate for themselves the difference between the Fifth Avenue world and the one they are from, at an age where the impression made upon them might generate a spark of desire to find out how they might achieve the same rewards Fifth Avenue has to offer. The story is told from the point of view of the protagonist, first person narrator, Sylvia. Sylvia is a preteen African American girl, strong willed, intelligent, and the obvious leader of the pack. The story's plot involves a college educated black woman who comes back to an economically disadvantaged neighborhood on weekends and takes the local children on field trips of a sort. On this particular trip she lets the children experience their first ride in a taxicab to a toy store in Manhattan. It is played out through a chronological series of events from the time they leave their neighborhood, until the time they arrive back there. The exposition introduces the reader to, Sylvia, Miss Moore, Sylvia's friends, and the neighborhood. Sylvia's friends consist of a number of round characters, such as Junebug, Mercedes, Fat Butt, and Rosie Giraffe, as well as the stock characters Sugar, Q.T. and Junior. The setting is what seems to be a 1960' circa slum. As the story develops the reader gets a glimpse of Sylvia's â€Å"street smar... ...lack of proper education in the poorer areas of the country, the need for parents to stand up and take responsibility for their children, and the inequality, and huge gap that exists between the rich and the poor in the United States today. The use of Sylvia as the protagonist gave the story a real quality to it. The world as seen through the eyes of a pre-teen, streetsmart kid, and the realization that there was still a lot to learn in an unfair world. Every character was well defined, and seemed to have a life of their own. It was a very easy to comprehend story which I believe should be a staple, if not requirement, in every urban public school Work Cited Bambara, Toni Cade. â€Å"The Lesson.† Literature and society: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Pamela J Annas and Robert C. Rosen. 4th Edition. Upper Saddle River, N.J 2007. P. 647-653

Building & Maintaining Customer Relationships Essay

Company Overview Wal-Mart is the world’s largest retailer company, which has operated on the market since 1962. The existence of such type of stores on the market becomes urgent.   This phenomenon can be easily explained by the lowering standards of living and economic slowdowns. The company was found in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas (Wal-Mart, 2005). Its founder, Sam Walton opened the first distribution center in 1970, which was a starting point for further expansion, and in two years it was included in the list on the New York Stock Exchange. Today, none of the discount retailers is more popular than Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart merchandises a wide range of goods from tables to combs. Wal-Mart is the leader of the full-line discounters, with many stores cov ­ering 120,000 square feet (or more) of floor space; food accounts for about a third of floor space and sales (Wal-Mart Home Page, 2006). Acquisition Strategy Wal-Mart uses acquisition strategy as the main tool to access and penetrate new markets around the globe and expend nationally. The first wave of acquisitions took place at the end of 1970s when Wal-Mart acquired 16 Mohr-Value stores in Michigan and Illinois (1977), Hutcheson Shoe Company (1978), Woolco stores (1983), Grand Central Stores (1985), Supersaver (1988). Acquisition policy has been undoubtedly the most radical growth strategy open to management in that it represents a deliberate attempt to change the nature of the business (Is Wal-Mart Good for America, 2004). Executives at Wal-Mart spent most of 1990 trying to expand the brand’s customer base, and results have been promising. With hindsight, however, it is clear that Wal-Mart paid too much for the acquisitions. As noted previously, Wal-Mart is currently in the midst of its own financial retrenchment. Acquisition policy occurs when the new business is related in some way to the old one. The opening up of the market and the resultant increased competition has widened the perspective of the planning framework with profound implications for Wal-Mart. During this period of time, Wal-Mart acquired Western Merchandisers, Inc and McLane Company of Temple (1990),   28 units from The Wholesale Club, Inc (1991). During 1990s, Wal-Mart has used acquisition strategy to expand internationally and acquired 122 Woolco stores in Canada (1994), opened new stores in Puerto-Rico (1992) and penetrates Korean and Chinese markets through joint venture strategy, and entered German market in acquiring Wertkauf (1998) and Interspar (1999). For instance, acquisition with Woolco stores allowed Wal-Mart to subject to a complex regulate framework whereas others are less so (Watch Out Europe: Here Comes Wal-Mart, 1999). Still, even if it is possible to predict the needs of customer there are some threats and new opportunities, which should be taken into consideration (Oliva, n.d.). There are no specific regulations governing the goals and structures of the industry, there is no constitutional restrictions or legislative mandate that restricts acquisition (Bianco, Zellner, 2003). In October 09 2006.Black Agenda Radio reported that Wal-Mart was going to enter Australian market making its first acquisition in Australia this year. They announced that Wal-Mart made investments in Brazilian retail chain Sonae and Central American Retail Holding Company (CARHCO). Also, â€Å"On 28 July 2006, Wal-Mart announced it will exit the German retail market by selling its 85 â€Å"Supercenters† to retailer Metro AG on the back of pre-tax losses of approximately U.S. $1 billion on its German operations† (Wal-Mart’s Germany Exit, 2006). So, acquisition strategy employed by Wal-Mart provides the buyer with quick growth as well as access to existing brand suppliers, distributors, and goods. Retention Strategy Unlike the transactional, functionally-orientated approach, relationship marketing in food retailing industry is a cross-functional process concerned with balancing marketing efforts among key markets. To create a winning customer retention strategy, Wal-Mart expends its product lines and improves its customer services. For instance, Wal-Mart implemented RFDI solutions and handheld computers linked to in-store computers which helped to transform its business worldwide (RFID to Transform, 2004). The strength of retention strategy is that it is on average as dependent on reliable information technology as any other businesses. They care more about reliable service and confidence than about the lowest price. The company implemented IT supply chain solutions and Internet facilities in order to meet customers’ needs and requirements. A critical issue within the customer market domain in the USA is to ensure that customer retention as well as customer acqui ­sition is emphasized. Recognition of the significant link between customer retention and profitability is leading to new and better strategies for strengthening customer satisfaction and loyalty (RFID to Transform Real-Time, 2004). Branding, advertising, promotion, and additional services to customers and product innovation strengthen the company’s image (Sell Your Product, †¦ 2004). In-Store Checkout TV Channels are introduced in different locations around the country aimed improve customer service and engage customers in buying process. This strategy decreases time and efforts that customers must expend to learn about the products. Wal-Mart reduces prices seasonally in order to attract new customers and benefit existing buyers. Wal-Mart’s customers evaluate an item of a given specification in terms of its total expected costs, i.e. acquisition price plus any necessary additional expenses associated with an item: it can be installation, running and maintenance costs, all discounted to the present time in order to take account of cash flows over a period of time. In the same way the cost of a transport movement or service may be expressed in terms of the original price of acquisition plus any additional and necessary costs or expenses (Brown Quintin, 2000). It is possible to distinguish two aspects of costs: price and expenses. Trying to provide customer service an organization considers these two measurements. In evaluating an organization, customers consider or respond to these two measurements. Mobile computing and increased staffing for weekends help to overcome retention and improve customer service (The Big Secret Is Continue†¦ 2006). Strengths and Weaknesses of Wal-Mart’s Acquisition and Retention The main strength of Wal-Mart acquisition and retention strategies is that they improve company’s position on the market; they are customer-oriented and help Wal-Mart to expend internationally. Also, the management team of Wal-Mart takes into consideration that direct Investment involves sev ­eral distinct forms. Ranging from a sales/marketing subsidiary through to a fully operational manufacturing unit producing the same products as the domestic plant, investment includes product specific manufacturing units, plants producing components and facilities which simply assemble products in the end-user market (Davison, Smith, 2005). At the very beginning the strengths included high potential to growth and profitability of the company, and professional management team, customer loyalty and excellent service. It is targeted at the customers, which buy discounted and unpackaged goods from manufactures at extremely low prices (The Ever-Expanding Empire, 2004). For Wal-Mart, acquisition and retention strategies help to save millions of dollars on advertising and market penetration. Wal-Mart plans on a combination of forecasting and budgeting systems can only work if the future is going to be the same as the present or the past. Wal-Mart will succeed in redu ­cing costs in the next few years of the decade by international acquisition strategies. The main weaknesses include negative attitude of foreign competitors and strict government regulations restricted foreign ownership in some countries. For instance, in 2002 Wal-Mart’s attempts to buy Supermercados Amigo in Puerto Rico were blocked in order to prevent anti-competition policies and foreign dominance of Wal-Mart. Also, Wal-Mart has made attempts to acquire Ahold’s operations in Argentina, Brazil and Peru. Another weakness of Wal-Mart is comparatively low wages which increase dissatisfaction with its policies (Is Wal-Mart Good for America, 2004). This situation negatively affects company’s image and causes critics in press. Changes in legislation and international regulations can weaken Wal-Mart’s global presence and limits its acquisition plans. For instance, the end of 1990s was marked by the changes on the European market which altered many of the parameters of competition and thus enforced a period of reassessment and adaptation (Person of the Week, 2006). Recommendations Taking into account current acquisition and retention strategies and activities, the best collusions for Wal-Mart are planning for com ­petitiveness and are actively involved in re-investing profits in new critical assets. Wal-Mart may choose to concentrate on its core strengths and rationalize its portfolio, focus its activities on a particular geographic area or centre on a particular user segment. Wal-Mart, as a result of being able to adapt to changing competitive demands, is likely to survive in the long term. The changes can be incremental or major in their nature, but each type provides specific advantages to deliver customer satisfaction. It is possible to conclude that effective international and national marketing depends upon effective marketing system employed by a company. The company needs better management facilities outside the USA to control and monitor performance around the world. For Wal-Mart acquisition should be key market-entry strategy that entails purchasing multiple existing outlets in a foreign and domestic market. CRM (customer relationship management) can be seen as one of the main tool to improve current service and attract potential target audience. Maintenance of high standards is a key factor to improve customer service. References Bianco, A., Zellner, W. â€Å"Is Wal-Mart too powerful?† Business Week, October 6, 2003, p.5. The Big Secret Is Continue to Do What You Do Best. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), November 28, 2005, p. 3. Black Agenda Radio. Wal-Mart’s siege in Chicago. KPFK, October 09, 2006. Brown, R., St Quintin, R.E. Distribution Sector Faces Major Impact. The Birmingham Post (England), February 17, 2000, p. 41. Davison, J., Smith, S.E. (2005). â€Å"Wal-Mart Finds Dominance Harder to Achieve in Europe†. 2 Sept. Gartner Research. Available at: gartner.com/resources/ 130800/130826/walmart_finds_d.pdf The Ever-Expanding Empire; after Wal-Mart Chief Talks to Key Men in Europe He Has a Big Message for His Shareholders. The Evening Standard (London, England), May 27, 2004, p. 40. Is Wal-Mart Good for America? TV program Online Nov 16, 2004. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/ 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oliva, S.M. Price Check on Antitrust: WalMart’s Acquisition of Britain’s Safeway PLC. Capitalism Magazine. Available at: http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=2394 Person of the Week. Braun and Dolores Hummel. ABC’s World News Tonight. Monday, October 09, 2006. RFID to Transform Real-Time Business across Industries; SAP Exec Says Technology Has a Big Future Business Impact. Manila Bulletin August 30, 2004, p. 4 Sell Your Product the Wal-Mart Way. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), September 13, 2004, p. 3. Wal Mart. 2005. May, 21. Available at: http://www.datamonitor.com/~e923bef8274740fc8a14e76a70d51687~/companies/company/?pid=8046847E-B325-4AF0-BC79-48100850E764 Watch Out Europe: Here Comes Wal-Mart. Business Week Online. June 28, 1999. Available at: http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_26/b3635129.htm Wal-Mart Home Page. 2006. Available at: http://www.walmartstores.com/wmstore/wmstores/HomePage.jsp Wal-Mart’s Germany Exit Reflects on Its Market Entry Strategy. 2006. Gartner. Available at: http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?doc_cd=142370   

Igneous Rock

Igneous rocks originate from deep within the Earth’s crust. Igneous rocks (from the Greek word for fire) are formed when magma crystallizes and solidifies. An increase in temperature, a change in the composition, or decrease in the pressure can cause melting of these rocks in the mantle which form igneous rocks. The melt begins deep below the surface of the Earth close to active plate boundaries. As the temperate increases the rocks rise toward the surface.Igneous rocks are divided into two categories, intrusive or extrusive, depending on where the magma solidifies (USGS, 2004). Intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies beneath the surface of the Earth. These types of rocks cool very slowly and have mineral grains that can usually be seen with the naked eye. Intrusive rocks have a coarse grained texture. One example of an intrusive igneous rock would be granite. Extrusive, or volcanic, igneous rocks are formed when magma exits and cools outside o f the Earth’s surface.These types of rocks are formed when lava flows from volcanoes. They solidify above the surface and have much shorter cooling times. Because lava cools and crystallizes quickly, it is a fine grain. The grains in extrusive rocks are quite small, so to classify them they have to be placed under a microscope to examine the thin sections to determine the mineral constituents. Given that igneous rocks form from a liquid state, their mineral grains are packed together very tightly (Geo. a, n. d. ). One distinguishing characteristic between the two categories of rocks is that intrusive rocks are formed below the surface and extrusive rocks are formed above the surface. Another distinguishing characteristic is that intrusive rocks have a coarse grained texture and extrusive rocks have a fine grain texture. Intrusive rocks cool and solidify very slowly whereas extrusive rocks have a much shorter cooling time which means they solidify faster.Reference Geology in t he National Parks (January 13, 2004) Rocks. Retrieved March 24, 2010 from http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/rxmin/rock.html Igneous Rocks (n.d.) What are Rocks. Retrieved March 24, 2010 from http://www.geo.ua.edu/intro03/ignis.html

Crime and Criminal Justice Essay

Crime and Criminal Justice Essay Crime and Criminal Justice Essay Equipment needed in Chapter 11 Beaker- The use of the beaker is to hold and pour liquids. They can also be used to heat liquids. It is really just a round glass container with a flat bottom. They come in many sizes, from tiny ones that only hold 10 mL to giant ones that hold many liters. Dropper- Medicine droppers are useful devices for distributing small volumes of liquid. Electronic Scale- It will calculate weight in grams, onces and pounds depending on the settings. They come in various sizes depending on what your weighting. Erlenmeyer Flask-Erlenmeyers are used in chemistry labs for titration. An Erlenmeyer flask, also known as a conical flask, is a widely used type of laboratory flask which features a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck. Filter Paper-It is an absorbent paper, which is used to separate small particles from liquids. Cylindrical Graduate-A graduated cylinder is a piece of laboratory glassware used to accurately measure out volumes of chemicals for use in reactions. They are generally more accurate and precise for this purpose than beakers or Erlenmeyer flasks, although not as precise as a volumetric flask or volumetric pipet. They come in a variety of sizes for different volumes, typically 10 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, or 100 ml and up to as large as 1 or 2 liters. Determine the volume contained in a graduated cylinder by reading the bottom of the meniscus at eye level. Conical Graduate-Actually, a conical graduate is more commonly used for

How to Find the Meaning and Origin of Your Surname

How to Find the Meaning and Origin of Your Surname With a few exceptions, hereditary surnames- the last names passed down through the male family lines- didnt exist until about 1000 years ago. While it may be hard to believe in todays world of passports and retinal scans, surnames just werent necessary before that. The world  was much less crowded than it is today, and most folks never ventured more than a few miles from their place of birth.  Every man knew his neighbors, so  first, or given names, were the only designations necessary.  Even kings got by with a single name. During the middle ages, as families got bigger and villages got a bit more crowded, individual names became inadequate to distinguish friends and neighbors from one another. One John might be called John son of William to distinguish him from his neighbor, John the smith, or his friend John of the dale. These secondary names, werent quite yet the surnames as we know them today, however, because they werent passed down from father to son. John, son of William, for example, might have a son known as Robert, the fletcher (arrow maker). Last names that were passed down unchanged from one generation to the next first came into use in Europe about 1000 A.D., beginning in southern areas and gradually spreading northward. In many countries, the use of hereditary surnames began with the nobility who often called themselves after their ancestral seats. Many of the gentry, however, did not adopt surnames until the 14th century, and it was not until about 1500 A.D. that most surnames became inherited and no longer transformed with a change in a persons appearance, job, or place of residence. Surnames, for the most part, drew their meanings from the lives of men in the Middle Ages, and their origins can be divided into four main categories: Patronymic Surnames Patronymics- last names derived from a fathers name- were widely used in forming surnames, especially in the Scandinavian countries. Occasionally, the name of the mother contributed the surname, referred to as a matronymic surname. Such names were formed by adding a prefix or suffix denoting either son of or daughter of. English and Scandinavian names ending in son are patronymic surnames, as are many names prefixed with the Gaelic Mac, the Norman Fitz, the Irish O, and the Welsh ap. Examples: The son of John (Johnson), son of Donald (MacDonald), son of Patrick (Fitzpatrick), son of Brien (OBrien), son of Howell (ap Howell). Place Names or Local Names One of the most common ways to differentiate one man from his neighbor was to describe him in terms of his geographic surroundings or location (similar to describing a friend as the one who lives down the street). Such local names denoted some of the earliest instances of surnames in France, and were quickly introduced into England by the Norman nobility who chose names based on the locations of their ancestral estates. If a person or family migrated from one place to another, they were often identified by the place they came from. If they lived near a stream, cliff, forest, hill, or other geographic feature, this might be used to describe them. Some last names can still be traced back to their exact place of origin, such as a particular city or county, while others have origins lost in obscurity (Atwood lived near a wood, but we dont know which one). Compass directions were another common geographic identification in the Middle Ages (Eastman, Westwood). Most geographic-based surname s are easy to spot, though the evolution of language has made others less obvious, i.e. Dunlop (muddy hill). Examples: Brooks lived along a brook; Churchill lived near a church on a hill; Neville came from Neville-Seine-Maritime, France or Neuville (New Town), a common place name in France; Parris came from- you guessed it- Paris, France. Descriptive Names (Nicknames) Another class of surnames, those derived from a physical or other characteristic of ​the  first bearer, make up an estimated 10% of all surname or family names. These descriptive surnames are thought to have originally evolved as nicknames during the Middle Ages when men created nicknames or pet names for his neighbors and friends based on personality or physical appearance. Thus, Michael the strong became Michael Strong and black-haired Peter became Peter Black. Sources for such nicknames included: an unusual size or shape of the body, bald heads, facial hair, physical deformities, distinctive facial features, skin or hair coloring, and even emotional disposition. Examples: Broadhead, a person with a large head; Baines (bones), a thin man; Goodman, a generous individual; Armstrong, strong in the arm Occupational Names The last class of surnames to develop reflect the occupation or status of the first bearer. These occupational last names, derived from the specialty crafts and trades of the medieval period, are fairly self-explanatory. A Miller was essential for grinding flour from grain, a Wainwright was a wagon builder, and Bishop was in the employ of a Bishop. Different surnames often developed from the same occupation based on the language of the country of origin (Mà ¼ller, for example, is German for Miller). Examples:  Alderman, an official clerk of the court; Taylor, one that makes or repairs garments; Carter, a maker/driver of carts; Outlaw, an outlaw or criminal Despite these basic surname classifications, many last names  or surnames of today seem to defy explanation. The majority of these are probably corruptions of the original surnames- variations that have become disguised almost beyond recognition.  Surname spelling  and pronunciation has evolved over many centuries, often making it hard for current generations to determine the origin and evolution of their surnames. Such  family name derivations, resulting from a variety of factors, tend to confound both genealogists and etymologists. It is fairly common for different branches of the same family to carry different last names, as the majority of English and American surnames have, in their history, appeared in four to more than a dozen variant spellings. Therefore, when researching the origin of your surname, it is important to work your way back through the generations in order to determine the  original family name, as the surname that you carry now may have an entirely different meaning than the surname of your distant ancestor. It is also important to remember that some surnames, though their origins may appear obvious, arent what they seem. Banker, for example, is not an occupational surname, instead meaning dweller on a hillside.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Assignment - Essay Example Controlling obesity is more about changing one’s lifestyle, incorporating healthy activities in daily routine. So maybe lawmakers need to consider making bicycles and gym memberships cheaper. Besides, it is a universal phenomenon that children are inclined to do what they’re told not to, and considering obesity is on the rise in children aged 2 to 19, it is really not a smart idea to tell them their favorite food items are expensive and therefore call for a rebellion. According to me, taxing pizzas and sodas is unfair to the consumers who are conscientious about their choice of toppings and who actually take time to pick out the lesser of the evils for personal benefit. Even the healthy eaters will bear the brunt of this legislature, if passed, leaving many unsettled consumers. If the government actually is this concerned about peoples well being then they should consider bringing down the prices of healthy commodities. This article very rightly also raises the question of what food items are considered â€Å"healthy† and which ones aren’t and also who decides this. Chips are considered high-calorie, but then again you also have oven baked varieties. It all comes down to making a choice, which should be an individual’s own. References Berr, Jonathan. Daily Finance. "First a Soda Tax, Now a Pizza Tax: The Food Police March on".

Wilsons & Clyde Coal Company v English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wilsons & Clyde Coal Company v English - Essay Example The tug captain, who was employed by the Dutch company, carelessly mishandled the tug movement resulting in the injuries sustained by the claimant. The Court sided with the claimant notwithstanding that the injuries was caused by the tug captain, who was not under its employ, on the ground that the responsibility to keep a safe system of work was its personal responsibility and therefore, non-delegable. An action for breach of statutory duties necessarily requires that the employer has breached a provision of a statute or law. An equally important consideration in this action is the determination that the statute itself contemplates granting the claimant a right to a civil action. Thus, in one of the earliest of cases involving breach of statute, Grove v Lord Wimbourne,   the Court held that if the criminal statute, in this case the Factory and Workshop Act 1878, is found to be intended to provide civil remedy, then that statute can be made applicable to action for injuries sustain ed in the employment. However, the fact that many of these statutes do not actually specifically state whether private law is applicable or not makes the breach of statutory duty particularly difficult to pursue. In X and others (minors) v Bedforshire County Council,   a controversial HL decision which was subsequently criticised by the ECHR, the Court held, inter alia, that private law cause of action can arise if it is shown that the statute protects a limited class of citizens and Parliament.... However, the fact that many of these statutes do not actually specifically state whether private law is applicable or not makes the breach of statutory duty particularly difficult to pursue. In X and others (minors) v Bedforshire County Council,6 a controversial HL decision which was subsequently criticised by the ECHR, the Court held, inter alia, that private law cause of action can arise if it is shown that the statute protects a limited class of citizens and Parliament intended to confer to them such a right of action. A breach of statute case may be employed in Jack’s case on the basis of The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998, regulations, which the Secretary of State issued under the power conferred on him by the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. Said regulations provide, inter alia, that equipment that carries specific risks shall be assigned for use only by specific persons who had prior training for its use. More significantly, the statute provides that it is the responsibility of the employer to ensure that dangerous parts of any machine used in the workplace should not have any access to any of the parts of the body of the worker, which could be done either by installing fixed guards or other protective parts.7 Although there is no express conferment of the right to bring an action of civil liability, there is a presumption that such will lie as was held in Thornton v Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council.8 The Court held in that case that where the statute imposes a duty on an entity for the purpose of benefiting a specific class of persons, but does not expressly provide a form of relief, a civil action for damages is presumed to be

Blue Star Building the Apps Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blue Star Building the Apps - Case Study Example The major challenge for Blue Star was the fact that every single partners of it used different software and hence the data was stored in different formats. In order to, deal with such situation the company required software that was capable of accepting and processing inputs that were in different formats so that usable information can be obtained. However, Tom Keen who is the CTO of the company did not get any useful off-the-self software that can meet this requirement of the company and hence the decision of developing proprietary software was made. Q.2) The main advantage that the open source software provided to the development process was the ‘stability’ that Tom Keen was looking for. Open source software makes the bugs well documented and hence it is possible to easily avoid them. However, in case of commercial software source codes cannot be accessed and as a result users cannot get to know about the bugs. As far as SOA is concerned it allowed the developers to mo dify the software in such a way so that the new requirements that arise due to change in the market can be fulfilled. Critical Thinking Questions Q.1) I completely agree with the view of Tom Keen regarding the fact that bugs can be managed in a better way in case of open source software as compared to commercial software. ... Q.2) Both quantitative and qualitative data are stored in the database. They are organized by the use of business intelligence tools and data mining tools that are widely used in the business organizations. Critical Questions Q.1) Manipulation of business data and manipulation of Genographic data are similar in the sense that arrangement and maintenance of both of them involve same business intelligence tools and data mining tools. Q.2) The special DBMS developed by National Geographic can assist researchers from different areas. For instance, researchers can identify various interesting psychological trends of the individuals who have registered themselves with National Geographic to know their origin. Information regarding the lifestyle of the previous generations can also be obtained by analyzing the Genographic data. The data of the above mentioned DBMS can be shared when the DBMS is made for multiple users. In other words, more than one user must be allowed to access the data of the DBMS for making them

Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

Organizational Change Essay Structure for Multinational Corporations: Converting a business into a Multinational organization is a complex task as it involves controlling of multiple variables with the internal and external environment of the corporation growing considerably. In order to make the task of structuring the organization easier, many multinationals simply opt to organize their business according to their geographic location and the placement of their international operations. This form of an organizational structure is simply known as the geographic based structure. However other forms of organizational structuring are also possible like â€Å"worldwide functional, worldwide product, international division, area, and matrix structures. † (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) It is also possible for a multinational organization to have a mixed type of organizational structure which is a combination of the above mentioned structure types. The reason for this is because no organization has a finite environment and as a result it experiences different personnel dynamics. Some of the complications which come about due to these personnel dynamics are that â€Å"there may be uncertainty about who has the authority over certain decisions, especially if dual relationships exist with line and staff personnel. Managers may continue to use old labels even though the organization has changed; or a structural type may be referred to before it is completely in place. † (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) Problem Statement: The problem that has been identified for the multinational corporation in this case is the lack of a proper chain of command for authority and delegation, which is required. This means that the organization now needs to be structured in order to have a systematic flow for operations and reporting both in the international locations and well as the local ones. Factors Effecting Multinational Corporations: The factors that are affecting this organization particularly relate to the diversity in its international locations which is going to influence the organizational design. The changes in organizational parameters such as size, diversity, foreign activity, and personnel deployment patterns often lead to shifts in multinational structure. † (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) Other factors that influence the structure of the organization include the culture of the personnel in the working at the international locations, their work ethics, the training provided to the locals in the international locations, the kind of operations being carried out in the international location and the priority of these operations relative to the worldwide operations of the business. The Stopford and Wells model helped in identifying that multinationals with a low percentage of foreign sales and product diversity usually have structures based on the international division while those having higher degree of product diversity and low percentage of foreign sales are based on worldwide product division structures. â€Å"The international strategies involve relatively high percentages of foreign sales and the supporting structures tend to be high integration structures† (Egelhoff, 1980). Organizational Structure for the Organization: The symptoms of the problem mentioned above show that the staff of the organization at the international location is demoralized and has no sense of belonging to the organization. This is true due to the undefined nature of the corporation. By specifically identifying the chain of command and authority levels, a link between the international branches and the head office will be created which will help in encouraging a sense of belonging and purpose in the personnel. The structure of this organization will be such that the center of command and operations would be the head office in the U. S. There would be regional division based on the geographic location with a regional head office in every region. These regional head offices will be monitoring the operations in countries which come under their jurisdiction. In this manner, the reporting in the organization will be hierarchical, with the international operations reporting to their regional head quarters and the regional headquarters reporting to the head quarters in the U. S. Using this hierarchy, their would be localized operations in each country with a code of conduct dictated by the headquarters in the US. This will allow for cultural diversity in the international operations and help satisfy the personnel that they are not second class to those in the U. S. office. As the regional head office will be monitoring and controlling operations in the countries which come under it, the complaints and conflicts between the international operations will be handled by the regional head quarters whose decision would be much more acceptable to the personnel in the international offices. This kind of organizational structure will be matrix in nature where is will be dependent on the geographic location of the operations as well as the functionality of the operation divisions. â€Å"Organizing as a matrix helps bridge the gap between the international division’s inherent weakness and the commitment for fully integrated operations. †(Herbert, 1984)

Virtual Child Pornography Should be Legal :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Virtual Child Pornography Should be Legal This nation has several issues over which most people's minds freeze up, with the disastrous drug war probably leading the list. I don't share a feeling of squeamishness and horror when it comes to drugs: What I don't want, I don't take, it's that simple. And I don't spend time fretting that my neighbors might be toking, or snorting, in the privacy of their homes. Child pornography is something else; it pushes all kinds of emotional hot-buttons in me. Certainly I would agree with the majority that anyone who exploits children in a sexual manner is committing a serious offense, deserving of harsh punishment. And anyone who get his kicks looking at images of children in sexual situations, well, that's also pretty horrifying to my sensibilities. I am very glad that my own lust meter pegs when I look at fully grown women, not at some other subset of the population. Nevertheless, I feel moved to speak against the wave of hysteria that is exemplified by U.S. Rep. Henry Brown's call for a Constitutional amendment to ban virtual child pornography. (Virtual child pornography is images that appear to be of children having sex, but which are in fact made-up, simulated by the miracles of modern computer graphics). Some who oppose such an amendment do so on the basis that the Constitution is not meant to cover specific legislative issues. That is true, but it misses the larger point, which comes down to basic rights, even for people we think have horrifying tastes. To put it bluntly, children (and adults too, of course) have the right not to be sexually exploited, BUT, adults have the right to possess any material which does not directly exploit children. Yes, including virtual pornography. I think a strong case could be made that it should not be illegal for someone to possess images of ACTUAL child pornography: The crime has been committed by the person exploiting the children, not the person viewing the picture. Nevertheless, in this column I'm taking the less assertive position that only pretend pictures of children don't warrant legal sanction. Think about this: Take a napkin. Draw a big guy with an erect c***. Draw a much smaller figure giving him a b*** j**. You have just committed a felony. Take that napkin and stuff it in someone else's pocket.

Social Norms of Income Distribution

During the period between 1929 and 1953, the United States occupational pay ratios and earning inequality is declined, mainly across World War II (Ober 1948, Phelps Brown 1977, Williamson and Lindert 1980, Goldin and Margo 1922b). The evidence showed that the condition of income inequality was occurrence in that period. Moreover, the problem of income inequality is declined. But, the problem of income inequality is existed. The government cannot spread the income distibution evenly. Many reasons obstructed the income distribution evenly. In my discussion, I concentrate to explain five reasons to influence the income distribution in the United States in the 20th century. Changing in social norms is related to the income distributions. Many people think that women represented a cheaper alternative for employers. Their jobs were viewed as temporary to be abandoned in favor of marriage and a home. High turnover combined with a large pool of replacements in any occupation will tend to depress wages, but it also means there is no incentive to provide career opportunities or invest much effort to train persons for more responsibility. Consequently, women tended to fill the more specialized and lower-paying work, while men moved into the new office manager roles. The fact is that clerical, service, and sales work does not yield significant financial returns to people with more formal education or longer work experience (Bibb & Form, 1977). In large part, this is because most of these are low ceiling careers, lacking in meaningful promotion opportunities for higher paying positions. The jobs have been filled advantageous position by one sex or the other. The point is strongly influencing the income distributions. The point of the unionization is related to the income distributions. Unions have improved wages and benefits, increased job security, and protected workers from discriminatory managerial decisions. Male workers are more likely to be members of trade unions, thus enjoying the advantages of collective bargaining for wages and earning more than women (Flaherty & Caniglia, 1992). Overall, women are about half as likely to be union members as men. Rinehart wrote,  ¡Ã‚ § This accommodation to capitalist power was formalized in what is known as the post  ¡V World War II compromise forged in the midst of the intense class struggles of the 1940s. This settlement between labor, big capital, and the state featured the establishment of a new industrial relations system and stipulated a set of trade  ¡V off. Unions were legally recognized and accorded organizational security. ¡ (P.184) Changing in the education level of the population is related to the income distribution. In the U.S, the financial return to a university or college degree also declined during the 1970s. One explanation of this phenomenon was the substantial increase the proportion of the population going to university, particularly the entry into the labor force of the  ¡Ã‚ § Baby-Boom ¡ generation during the 1970s (Welch 1979). Freeman (1976, 1980) argued that the demand for educated workers also declined, so that not all of the change in relative earnings could be attributed to temporary developments on the supply side. Dooley (1986) concluded that the entry of the large baby ¡Vboom cohort during this period did lower earnings growth for this group, but that this demographic effect could not account for the observed harrowing of earnings differentials by level of education. Dooley ¡s results thus suggest that demand  ¡V side forces may also have played a role. Changing in the age structure of the population is related to the income distribution. The shapes of the earning streams reflect the main key factors which is earnings increase with age but at a decreasing rate. This concave shape reflects the fact that individuals generally continue to make human capital investments in the form of on-the-job training and work experience once they have entered the labor force. This job experience adds more to their productivity and earning s early in their careers due to diminishing returns to experience. However, to the extent that education increases productivity, individuals with the same amount of work experience but more education will earn more, perhaps substantially more. Migration is related to the income distribution. Economic theory predicts that the forces of competition would serve to reduce pure regional wage differentials so that they reflect compensating differences, short-run adjustments, or noncompetitive factors. Those forces of competition were the movement of capital from high- to low-wage areas, and the movement of labor from low- to high-wage areas. Empirical evidence tends to verify the implications of migration as a human capital decision. In a recent study, Osberg, Gordon, and Lin (1994) explore the determinants of interregional and interindustry mobility of individuals in the Maritimes. Using the 1986-87 LMAS, they find that younger individuals and those with higher expected wage gains are more likely to migrate. As well, the process of migration tends to reduce the regional disparities that induce the migration decision. In conclusion, the five reasons are influence the income distribution in the United States in the 20th century. The social norms show that the income inequality is happened between men and women. The unionization shows that the unions have a power to improve the wages and benefits for their members. In this situation, the income inequality is happened between union ¡s members and non-unions members. Although the demand for education workers was declined, education people still earn more than the uneducated people do because they have an expertise knowledge and experience. Migration is benefits for the young individuals. They can have a chance to prove themselves. Therefore, the movement of migration decreases the regional disparities.